HSC Modern History: Power and Authority in the Modern World Practice Test

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• Economic policy aimed at achieving self-sufficiency and reducing dependence on imports is known as what?
• The period known for cultural vitality and scientific progress in Berlin during the 1920s is described as which?
• Which treaty required Germany to pay 132 billion gold marks in reparations?
• Which treaty is described as signing in 1920–1921 and involved the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire?
• Which pairing correctly matches a form of legitimacy with an example?
• The post-World War I treaty that defined Hungary's borders is known as which treaty?
• In 1932, who became chancellor and dissolved the Reichstag?
• Distinguish between domestic and international sources of legitimacy; give an example for each.
• Which describes Hitler's rise during the Great Depression?
• In 1923, Italy occupied the Greek island Corfu after the murder of an Italian diplomat. Which body failed to stop Mussolini's actions?
• Which term translates to 'people's community' and symbolizes the Nazi ideal of a unified German people?
• What was the Cultural Revolution and how did it affect Mao's authority and Chinese society?
• Which provision of the Weimar Constitution is associated with the emergency powers used by the government?
• Which system best exemplifies traditional authority?
• Which organization originated as Hitler's personal bodyguard in 1925 and grew into a major security force?
• What is a defining feature of totalitarian regimes?
• A period of time in which Stalin was in control, where he killed anyone who was his enemy or anyone who he suspected was his enemy.
• What is a hallmark of repressive regimes in relation to public consent?
• Compare peaceful transitions to revolutionary change with examples from the 20th century.
• Which treaty, signed in 1923, ended the Turkish War and recognised the territorial integrity of independent Turkey?
• Which 1933 event involved mass book burnings to purge un-German works?
• Which concept is used to portray Mussolini as a powerful, heroic figure?
• Which term best captures the Nazi strategy of using ideological messaging to secure support and justify expansion?
• Which plan in 1924 involved United States loans to Germany to revive the economy and enable reparations payments?
• Who served as the Nazi propaganda chief and organized Kristallnacht?
• Created a corporate state.
• Which 1920 event was an armed conservative insurrection that forced the government to flee Berlin?
• How does mass propaganda affect political legitimacy in authoritarian states?
• Which term described in the notes represents a centralisation goal in interwar Japan, specifically the idea to unite Asiatic lands under Japan?
• How do leadership cults help maintain power? Provide a case study.
• Which phrase captured Nazi expectations for women's roles, focusing on children, cooking, and church?
• Italy's secret police.
• A form of government characterised by absolute obedience to authority, as opposed to individual freedom of thought and action.
• What is a legitimacy crisis and when might a regime experience one?
• How can regimes maintain perceived legitimacy while violating human rights? Provide an example.
• Which 1945 conference drew up the outline of the United Nations?
• What is the role of a regime's security apparatus in maintaining power?
• Which term describes the Nazi leadership principle of a single leader guiding the state?
• Which statement describes totalitarian control?
• The treaty associated with 132 billion gold marks in reparations is which treaty?
• Which conference established the postwar monetary order and led to the creation of major financial institutions?
• The League of Nations faced a notable failure in which conflict between Russia and Poland?
• Which term refers to the Nazi slogan about women's roles: children, kitchen, church?
• In 1934, the offices of Chancellor and President were combined into which title?
• Which plan was created in 1924 to revive Germany's economy with US loans?
• Heinrich Bruning implemented austerity measures to address the Depression. Which term describes these policies?
• How do regimes construct collective identity to suppress dissent?
• Which 1933 decree declared a state of emergency and allowed detention without trial?
• Which term describes the permanent secret police organization of the Soviet regime?
• Which article of the Weimar Constitution allowed the President to take emergency measures without Reichstag consent?
• Hakko Ichiu was a centralisation policy in interwar Japan aimed at what?
• Outline the steps by which Hitler consolidated power after 1933: enabling act, Gleichschaltung, suppression of opposition.
• Which event in Weimar Germany's early years is associated with a coup attempt by right-wing forces that briefly threatened the government?
• What proportion of German households owned a Volksempfänger radio?
• How did technology and media strengthen government control? Case example.
• According to the notes, how many countries signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
• Which of the following best describes the role of secret police in an authoritarian regime?
• What was the primary aim of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
• What was the treaty between the Vatican and Nazi Germany signed in 1933 called?
• Which organization was set up by the League of Nations to improve workers' rights?
• Which factor most reliably sustains public support despite repression?
• Which term describes far-right, authoritarian ideology characterised by extreme nationalism and a dictatorship which exercises totalitarian control of the government.
• Evaluate the role of censorship in shaping political life; provide an example.
• What was the German secret police known as during the Nazi era?
• In 1933, which organization did musicians, writers, and actors have to join?
• Which treaty established normal diplomatic relations between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1922?
• What was the secret euthanasia program called that killed more than 140,000 people?
• Which treaty contains the War Guilt Clause that assigns blame to Germany?
• Which treaty ended Russia's involvement in World War I in 1918?
• Which organization did Hitler order to murder the SA leaders during the purge?
• What is the Blood and Soil policy in Nazi ideology?
• In Nazi Germany, how did propaganda, censorship, and education work together to sustain power?
• Which description matches authoritarian regime?
• The phrase Lebensunwertes Leben translates to which concept?
• In the context of total war, which sector is mobilized beyond the battlefield?
• Which organization did journalists have to belong to in 1933, run by Goebbels?
• Which statement best describes the main objectives of Nazi ideology?
• Which example best illustrates a peaceful political transition in the 20th century?
• Which phrase captures the belief that the German army was betrayed by civilians on the home front after WWI?
• What is the term for an authoritarian system in which power is concentrated in one or more people, with little tolerance for political pluralism or independent media?
• What term did the Nazis use to describe "subhuman creatures"?
• Which 1919 treaty punished Austria?
• Which term in the notes refers to Japan's 1928 policy concerning land and population claims to recover territories?
• What term did the Nazis use to label avant-garde art?
• Which concept was used to align all institutions with Nazi principles, centralizing power?
• Which article of the Treaty of Versailles is described as the War Guilt Clause (placing blame for the war on Germany)?
• What best defines power in political terms?
• Which factors help explain why populations supported totalitarian regimes in the interwar period?
• The official aesthetic that promoted communism in the Soviet Union.
• The cultural and economic boom in 1920s Berlin is described as the
• Define 'repression without consent' and give a historical instance.
• Mussolini portrayed as a powerful, macho leader.
• Which concept describes the belief that all human beings are part of a single global community?
• Which treaty ended WWI for the United States and Germany because the US did not sign the Treaty of Versailles?
• Which organization ran the press and controlled journalists?
• In Nazi Germany, what was the role of propaganda in shaping public opinion?
• What term describes the policy of forcibly coordinating all aspects of society under Nazi control?
• Which treaty ended World War I in 1919 and assigned responsibility to Germany?
• In wartime, regimes can experience both strengthening and weakening effects. Which statement best captures this dynamic?
• Which term describes the Nazi method of bringing all institutions under centralized control?
• What were the 1935 laws that defined Jewish status and withdrew citizenship from persons of non-German blood called?
• Which statement best describes 'economic plans tied to political obedience' as used by totalitarian regimes?
• Which term describes an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal?
• Which list accurately reflects instruments used by regimes to maintain power?
• Which concept describes a framework for addressing global issues through cooperation and institutions?
• What is 'total war' and how does it affect state power and civilian life? Provide a WWII example.
• The official aesthetic that promoted communism.
• How did education become instruments of state ideology in the Nazi regime?
• What role do education and propaganda play in constructing a lasting regime ideology?
• Which statement about the League of Nations is true?
• The 1934 purge of Nazi leaders that helped Hitler consolidate power is known as the
• Which term is defined as the capacity or ability to direct or influence the conduct or behaviour of others or events?
• Which description best fits an organisation composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organisations?
• Which 1933 policy symbolized cultural cleansing by purging un-German literature?
• The Kellogg-Briand Pact is associated with which period according to the notes?
• By July 1933, what had happened to all non-Nazi political parties?
• In South Africa, the end of apartheid culminated in which major event in 1994?
• Which group consisted of army officers, university professors, and aristocrats who talked about assassinating Hitler but did nothing?
• Which term denotes the creation of a 'Greater Germany' by unifying Germany with Austria?
• Explain the link between economic policy and social control in maintaining regime stability, using Stalin or Mao as case.
• Explain the role of land reform and peasant policy in consolidating authority in the Soviet Union or China.
• Which term describes the aim of unifying all German-speaking lands into one state?
• Which 1919 treaty punished Austria?
• Which organization was established after World War II to maintain international peace and security?
• What term did the Nazi regime use for art deemed degenerate?
• Assess the impact of domestic surveillance on political life in a chosen regime.
• Which compulsory organization trained German youth in Nazi beliefs?
• What was the term for the 'people's radio' widely distributed in Nazi Germany?
• How did apartheid laws maintain white minority rule in South Africa?
• Which 1920 treaty established Hungary's borders?
• What was the primary aim of the League of Nations when it was established in 1920?
• Which youth group opposed the Nazi regime by anti-Nazi activities such as graffiti and beatings of Hitler Youth?
• Hitler's National Socialist Party is commonly called the
• The concept of creating a corporate state in Italy is known as which term?
• Which international organization, formed after WWII to promote peace and security, is the main body described?
• The 1922 Treaty of Rapallo was signed between which two states?
• What is a typical outcome of successful land reform under authoritarian regimes?
• In the context of mass mobilization and censorship, which combination best maintains regime control?
• Which treaty ended the Turkish War and recognised the territorial integrity of a truly independent Turkey in 1923?
• What is a key difference between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes?
• Which event featured trials of high-ranking Communist officials?
• How did international responses contribute to ending apartheid?
• What term did Goebbels use to describe the 'heroic' figure of Hitler created in 1942?
• Which mechanisms illustrate how ideology sustains power in totalitarian regimes?
• The acronym BDM referred to which organization in Nazi Germany?
• Which term is best understood as the legitimate use of power to make decisions and to determine, adjudicate or settle issues?
• Which policy aimed for the economic self-sufficiency of Germany?
• How does totalitarianism differ from authoritarianism in scope and methods?
• Which statement best describes the Gleichschaltung process under the Nazi regime?
• What is a key consequence of surveillance societies for civil liberties?
• During economic crises, some regimes scapegoat minority groups to consolidate power. Which option best describes this tendency?
• Compare Lenin's War Communism and the New Economic Policy in terms of power consolidation.
• Which treaty is cited as an example of Nazi dishonesty used to exploit Polish resources?
• Why is the institutionalization of power important for sustaining regimes?
• Which city hosted the rally depicted in Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will?
• Name two key pieces of apartheid legislation and explain their purpose.
• What term describes the movement toward political cooperation among transnational actors aimed at addressing problems affecting more than one state?
• What was the role of international sanctions in ending apartheid?
• The idea that Germany's WWI defeat was caused by civilian betrayal is called the
• How do international developments influence domestic power? Provide a case.
• Which instruments are commonly used by regimes to maintain power through state control?
• Which political system has total centralized authority and controls every aspect of citizens' lives, both public and private.
• Which term describes the coordination of all institutions under Nazi control?
• What is the term for the creation of rules and norms that all countries should follow?
• Hitler's expansionist theory to gain living space for Germans is known as
• The Kellogg-Briand Pact is associated with which year, according to the notes?
• The acronym BDM stands for which organization?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between wartime mobilization and regime legitimacy?
• Which statement best describes how nationalism influenced state power in the case study?
• Under Japan's nationalist approach, how were resources mobilized to fund the state?
• Which 1920 treaty dismantled the Ottoman Empire?
• Which agreement between the Vatican and Nazi Germany regulated church affairs after Hitler's rise to power?
• Show Trials with defendants who were top ranking Communists.
• What consequence did the Great Leap Forward famine have on the leadership?
• How did decolonization alter power structures in the postwar era? Provide a case study.
• Which description best captures the Dawes Plan's purpose?
• Which statement best describes the role of mass media in a typical totalitarian regime?
• Which treaty, after World War I, reset Hungary's borders?
• Which statement best explains the relationship between power and authority?
• Which resistance circle included army officers, professors, and nobles who debated removing the Nazi regime but did not take action?
• In the early PRC, which aspect was essential to consolidating Mao's authority?
• What is a key function of mass mobilization in totalitarian regimes? Provide two examples.
• Which methods are commonly used by opposition to challenge power?
• Which is an example of legal-rational authority?
• How did Stalin's collectivization differ from Hitler's agrarian policy in terms of how it affected power?
• What is the distinction between police power and military power in regimes? Example.
• In the notes, what is the characteristic of Japan's 'State' policy?
• Describe how Mao Zedong consolidated authority in the early PRC (1949-57) including land reform and party control.
• Which oil-rich area was involved in a 1924 dispute that the League decided in favour of Iraq?
• Who initiated the Cultural Revolution?
• Which statement about the League of Nations is true?
• Which organization did Goebbels create to oversee culture in Nazi Germany?
• In 1944, which conference restructured the global economy and established postwar financial institutions?
• Which statement best describes how terror serves as governance?
• Which policy characterized the Nazi approach to education in the early years of the regime?
• Distinguish revolution from reform as pathways to power; what are the benefits and risks?
• Which organization served as the internal security police in Nazi Germany?
• Which treaty is described as ending WWI for the Ottoman Empire?
• Which country's official aesthetic policy during the interwar period is described as Neoclassicism, with 'Everything was Italian' and German and Slavic organizations closed?
• What was the purpose of the 1935 Nuremberg Laws?
• What term referred to the 'people's community' ideal in Nazi ideology?
• Which 1939 agreement pledged non-aggression between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union and secretly divided Poland?
• Secret police had become a permanent part of the regime.
• Which development in March 1933 marked the opening of a concentration camp as part of regime repression?
• Which event in February 1933 was described by the Nazis as a communist plot?
• Night of the Broken Glass refers to which event in 1938 when mobs attacked Jewish property across Germany?
• Which term best defines an international body formed by states through formal agreements to cooperate?
• Which 1945 conference is associated with laying groundwork for the United Nations and postwar international cooperation?
• Which propaganda film was created by Leni Riefenstahl to show the might of the Nazi Party at a rally in Nuremberg?
• Why did the Great Leap Forward fail, and what did this do to state power/legitimacy in China?